![]() Twentieth-century critics, she shows, saw the early modern period as a break from the older form of political theology that entailed the theological legitimization of the state. ![]() Kahn draws on theorists such as Carl Schmitt, Leo Strauss, Walter Benjamin, and Hannah Arendt and their readings of Shakespeare, Hobbes, Machiavelli, and Spinoza to illustrate that the dialogue between these modern and early modern figures can help us rethink the contemporary problem of political theology. In a critique of this contemporary fascination with the theological underpinnings of modern politics, Victoria Kahn proposes a return to secularism-whose origins she locates in the art, literature, and political theory of the early modern period-and argues in defense of literature and art as a force for secular liberal culture. Which brings us back to the first explanation I gave you at the beginning of this page: the illusion is partly due to modal completion effect.In recent years, the rise of fundamentalism and a related turn to religion in the humanities have led to a powerful resurgence of interest in the problem of political theology. This is how the pattern is encoded through the multiple layers of our brain. If we continue the operation, we obtain even more smoother patterns with apparent blank rays (fig. A with a photo editing filter, we obtain smoother patterns that show ‘subliminal’ radial beams (fig. If we heavily remove the noise from the geometric patterns in fig. These Op Art works are available as prints and canvases from my official online gallery.īut why do we see those illusory vibrating / scintillating rays in this kind of patterns? Probably because of their hidden structure. Ghost Color Variant: The shimmering blue and yellow rays of the rose-window-like patterns shown below are a construct of your mind (enlarge to see the effect). I have experimented with many distinct pattern variants that produce illusive scintillating radial beams, as showcased below. The scintillating effect is more apparent on the second variant. This animated version from Youtube features a rotating white pattern on a black background followed by a rotating black pattern on a white background. With the power of your mind, you can make the geometrical pattern rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise (but when the pattern rotates clockwise, you will see the illusive radial beams rotate counter-clockwise, and vice-versa). The animated version of the illusion is more striking. But I discovered that when you turn the grid 45 degrees an additional visual illusion appears: you may perceive a swarming of orthogonal darker lines! As if the opposite corners of each square are creating illusory flashing diagonals. The illusion is characterized by ghostlike gray blobs perceived at the intersections of a white grid on a black background. The Hermann grid illusion is an optical illusion reported by Ludimar Hermann in 1870. I designed this illusion just by turning 45 degrees the Herman grid and then by applying a polar transform. This illusion is a variant of the Herman’s scintillating grid illusion. In the picture you may see ghostlike dark radial beams. I would like to discuss about one of my oldest illusions I created in the 90s. Such figures may also appear brighter than the background, as shown by the Ehrenstein illusion below. Illusory “figures” depend partly in regular ‘gaps’ in the printed figure (modal completion phenomenon). SCINTILLATING STARBURST: SEEING RAYS THAT AREN’T THERE… ![]()
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